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AFP (Alpha FetoProtein) test is used to detect certain liver tumors and germ cell tumors such as those of the testes and ovaries. It also helps in monitoring treatment effectiveness and detecting tumor recurrence after recovery.
Levels may also be elevated in chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis.
Proteins circulate throughout your blood to help your body maintain fluid balance. Albumin is a type of protein the liver makes. It’s one of the most abundant proteins in your blood.
Alkaline phosphatase is one kind enzyme found in your body, If your liver isn’t working right, the amount of ALP in your blood may be high. Doctors often use the test to look for blocked bile ducts
This test is done to measure the amount of Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) in blood serum. GPT is an enzyme found in heart cells, kidney, muscles and liver, this test is needed on a regular basis to keep the liver in a healthy state
The Anti-CCP test is used to detect RA or rheumatoid arthritis. A positive Anti-CCP test is called seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and if it comes out negative, it is called seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. -The test helps doctors to differentiate rheumatoid arthritis from other types of arthritis or joint diseases.
The SGOT test is a blood test that’s part of a liver profile. It measures one of two liver enzymes, called serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. This enzyme is now usually called AST, which stands for aspartate aminotransferase. An SGOT test (or AST test) evaluates how much of the liver enzyme is in the blood.
Bilirubin that is bound to a certain protein is called unconjugated, or indirect, bilirubin. Conjugated, or direct, bilirubin travels freely through your bloodstream to your liver. Most of this bilirubin passes into the small intestine. This bilirubin also gives urine its distinctive yellow color
A bilirubin test measures the levels of bilirubin in your blood. Bilirubin (bil-ih-ROO-bin) is a yellowish pigment that is made during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. Bilirubin passes through the liver and is eventually excreted out of the body. Higher than normal levels of bilirubin may indicate different types of liver or bile duct problems
A CA 125 test measures the amount of the protein CA 125 (cancer antigen 125) in your blood. The test may be used to monitor certain cancers during and after treatment.
This test measures the amount of a protein called CA 19-9 (cancer antigen 19-9) in the blood. CA 19-9 is a type of tumor marker. Tumor markers are substances made by cancer cells or by normal cells in response to cancer in the body.
A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test used to evaluate your overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including anemia, infection and leukemia.
A carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test is a blood test used to help diagnose and manage certain types of cancers. The CEA test is used especially for cancers of the large intestine and rectum. Your doctor can also use the test results to help determine if a cancer treatment is working
Total cholesterol is the sum of all types of cholesterol in the blood, and it provides a general indication of heart and vascular health.
High levels may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease, while being within the normal range indicates a healthy balance between good (HDL) and bad (LDL) cholesterol.
VLDL stands for very low density lipoprotein. Lipoproteins are made up of cholesterol, triglycerides, and proteins. They move cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipids (fats) to around the body.
This test measures the amount of an isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK) in blood. The body makes 3 forms of CK, including CK-MB. CK is found in the heart, muscles, and other organs.
A test to determine if there is a problem with your body’s electrolyte balance or acid-base (pH) balance and to monitor treatment; as part of a routine health checkup
This test measures how well your kidneys are performing their job of filtering waste from your blood. Creatinine is a chemical compound left over from energy-producing processes in your muscles. Healthy kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood. Creatinine exits your body as a waste product in urine
The C-reactive protein (Quantitative) test measures the levels of C-reactive protein in blood to determine the presence of inflammation or infection and to monitor treatment.
An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a type of blood test that measures how quickly erythrocytes (red blood cells) settle at the bottom of a test tube that contains a blood sample.
Ferritin is a blood protein that contains iron. A ferritin test helps your doctor understand how much iron your body stores. If a ferritin test reveals that your blood ferritin level is lower than normal, it indicates your bodys iron stores are low and you have iron deficiency. As a result, you could be anemic.
Folic Acid or Vitamin B9 plays a key role in breaking down homocysteine, an amino acid that can exert harmful effects in the body if it is present in high amounts. Folate is also needed to produce healthy red blood cells and is critical during periods of rapid growth, such as during pregnancy and fetal development
A FT4 test measures the blood level of the hormone FT4, also known as thyroxine, which is produced by the thyroid gland and helps control metabolism and growth. The T4 test is performed as part of an evaluation of thyroid function.
A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in the blood. GGT is an enzyme found throughout the body, but it is mostly found in the liver. When the liver is damaged, GGT may leak into the bloodstream.
A high-density lipoprotein (HDL) test measures the level of good cholesterol in your blood. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that’s found in all of the cells in your body. It has several different functions, including helping to build your body’s cells. Cholesterol is carried through the bloodstream attached to proteins called lipoproteins.
Vitamin B-12 (Cyanocobalamin) plays an essential role in red blood cell formation, cell metabolism, nerve function and the production of DNA, the molecules inside cells that carry genetic information, Left untreated, a vitamin B-12 deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, muscle weakness, intestinal problems, nerve damage and mood disturbances.
It measures the amount of IgE antibodies in the blood — proteins produced by the immune system in response to allergens such as dust, pollen, certain foods, or medications.An elevated IgE level may indicate allergies, allergic asthma, or parasitic infections, and the test can also help evaluate certain immune system disorders.
Iron tests measure different substances in the blood to check iron levels in your body. Iron is a mineral that's essential for making red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Iron is also important for healthy muscles, bone marrow, and organ function. Iron levels that are too low or too high can cause serious health problems.
test measures how long it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample. An INR (international normalized ratio) is a type of calculation based on PT test results
A potassium blood test measures the amount of potassium in your blood. Potassium is a type of electrolyte. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals in your body that help control muscle and nerve activity, maintain fluid levels, and perform other important functions. Your body needs potassium to help your heart and muscles work properly.
Homocysteine, Serum test measures the level of homocysteine in the blood. High levels may indicate a risk of heart disease, stroke, or vitamin B12, B6, or folate deficiency. It helps assess cardiovascular health and nutritional status.
LDL tests are a form of blood test that doctors use to measure the amount of LDL cholesterol in a persons bloodstream. LDL tests can be part of a lipid panel test, or they can measure LDL levels directly. Lipid panels can help doctors calculate LDL cholesterol levels by measuring the following: total cholesterol.
This test is useful for measuring LH (Luteinizing Hormone) in samples of urine or blood. In females, LH is necessary for regulation of their menstrual cycle along with egg production, while in men it stimulates testosterone production, thus playing a vital role in production of sperms.
A magnesium blood test measures the amount of magnesium in your blood. Magnesium is a type of electrolyte. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that are responsible for many important functions and processes in your body.
A sodium blood test measures the amount of sodium in your blood. Sodium is a type of electrolyte. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that help maintain fluid levels and the balance of chemicals in your body called acids and bases. Sodium also helps your nerves and muscles work properly.
A prolactin (PRL) test measures the level of prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a hormone made by the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. Prolactin causes the breasts to grow and make milk during pregnancy and after birth. Prolactin levels are normally high for pregnant women and new mothers.
The serum phosphate test measures the amount of inorganic phosphate in your blood plasma (the liquid part of blood). In the body, phosphorus is combined with oxygen to form a variety of phosphates (PO4). Phosphates are vital for energy production, muscle and nerve function, and bone growth.
A partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test measures the time it takes for a blood clot to form. Normally, when you get a cut or injury that causes bleeding, proteins in your blood called coagulation factors work together to form a blood clot.
A rheumatoid factor (RF) test measures the amount of rheumatoid factor (RF) in your blood. Rheumatoid factors are proteins produced by the immune system. Normally, the immune system attacks disease-causing substances like viruses and bacteria.
The Triiodothyronine (T3) - Free blood test measures the level of free triiodothyronine (T3), a thyroid hormone responsible for regulating the body's metabolism The test is used to diagnose hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and to monitor treatment of thyroid disorders.
A total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) test measures the bloods ability to attach itself to iron and transport it around the body. A transferrin test is similar. If you have iron deficiency (a lack of iron in your blood), your iron level will be low but your TIBC will be high. If you have too much iron (for example, if you have a condition like haemochromatosis), your iron level will be high but your TIBC will be low or normal.
TSH stands for thyroid stimulating hormone. A TSH test is a blood test that measures this hormone. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located near your throat. Your thyroid makes hormones that regulate the way your body uses energy. It also plays an important role in regulating your weight, body temperature, muscle strength, and even your mood.
A triglycerides test measures the amount of triglycerides in your blood. Triglycerides are a type of fat in your body. If you eat more calories than you need, the extra calories are changed into triglycerides. These triglycerides are stored in your fat cells for later use. When your body needs energy, triglycerides are released into your bloodstream to provide fuel for your muscles to work. If you eat more calories than you burn off, especially calories from carbohydrates and fats, you may get high triglyceride levels in your blood. High triglycerides may put you at greater risk for a heart attack or stroke.
A uric acid blood test, also known as a serum uric acid measurement, determines how much uric acid is present in your blood. The test can help determine how well your body produces and removes uric acid.
The Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) test measures the level of a hormone secreted by the heart when there is increased pressure or stretching in the ventricles. This test is used to diagnose heart failure, assess its severity, and monitor treatment effectiveness. Elevated BNP levels often indicate that the heart is struggling to pump blood efficiently, while normal levels suggest a healthy heart. This test helps doctors make accurate treatment decisions and monitor the progression of the condition.
The Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) test measures the level of an enzyme found in most cells of the body. Elevated levels in the blood may indicate cell damage or destruction and are used by doctors to help diagnose and monitor conditions such as heart disease, liver disease, or certain types of cancer.
Vitamin D is essential for several reasons, including maintaining healthy bones and teeth. It may also protect against a range of diseases and conditions, such as type 1 diabetes.
HbA1c is a blood test that is used to help diagnose and monitor people with diabetes. It is also sometimes called a hemoglobin A1c, glycated hemoglobin or glycosylated hemoglobin.
This test measures the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in your blood. FSH is made by your pituitary gland, a small gland located underneath the brain. FSH plays an important role in sexual development and functioning. In women, FSH helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries.
A transferrin test is carried out to directly measure the level of iron in the blood and also the bodys ability to transport iron in the blood. The transferrin blood test is ordered if the doctor suspects abnormalities of iron levels in your body. The tests help diagnose chronic iron overload or deficiency
The Ionized Calcium test measures the level of active calcium in the blood that is capable of performing its functions in the body. Calcium is essential for healthy bones and teeth, muscle function, nerve signal transmission, and blood clotting. This test helps in diagnosing calcium disorders, such as low calcium (Hypocalcemia) or high calcium (Hypercalcemia). It is also used to monitor conditions related to the thyroid, parathyroid glands, and kidneys.
The test measures the level of calcium in the blood corrected for protein levels (especially albumin), since part of the calcium binds to proteins and becomes inactive. This test is used to assess the body’s effective calcium balance more accurately than total calcium measurement alone. It helps doctors diagnose calcium disorders, such as low or high calcium levels, and monitor conditions related to the kidneys, thyroid, and parathyroid glands.
Zinc can be tested along with other trace elements (e.g iron, copper & selenium) to identify deficiencies where a person may benefit from supplementation. When a person displays clinical symptoms that may be associated with zinc deficiency, the measurement of zinc can determine if supplementation is required.
The estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) test measures the kidneys’ ability to filter blood and remove waste and toxins.It is used to assess overall kidney function and to diagnose chronic or acute kidney diseases The test mainly relies on the level of creatinine in the blood to estimate filtration efficiency It helps doctors monitor the progression of kidney disease and determine the need for treatment or early intervention Normal values vary depending on health status, but a low eGFR indicates reduced kidney function.
TPO antibodies refer to antibodies that mistakenly attack an important enzyme in the thyroid gland known as thyroid peroxidase (TPO).
This enzyme is used by the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is used to monitor response to breast cancer treatment and disease recurrence.
An estradiol test measures the amount of the hormone estradiol in your blood. It’s also called an E2 test.An estradiol test measures the amount of the hormone estradiol in your blood. It’s also called an E2 test.
This test helps to screen and diagnose Hepatitis B virus infection. It also helps to detect previous Hepatitis B infection which had been resolved. It is also done to monitor the ongoing treatment of hepatitis.
A calcium blood test measures the amount of calcium in your blood. Calcium is one of the most important minerals in your body. You need calcium for healthy bones and teeth. Calcium is also essential for proper functioning of your nerves, muscles, and heart.
This test measures the amount of nitrogen in your blood that comes from the waste product urea. Urea is made when protein is broken down in your body. A BUN test is done to see how well your kidneys are working.
Random blood sugar (RBS) measures blood glucose regardless of when you last ate. Random testing is useful because glucose levels in healthy people do not vary widely throughout the day. Blood glucose levels that vary widely may mean a problem.
UIBC (Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity) test helps evaluate the body’s iron balance. It is used to help diagnose iron deficiency anemia, iron overload (hemochromatosis), as well as conditions related to liver disease and malnutrition.
Insulin blood test also referred to as fasting insulin test, is a test used to measure the amount of insulin in the body. It is also used to monitor the treatment of abnormal insulin levels and also to monitor insulin resistance.